120
Noticing and Helping the Neglected Child: Summary of a Systematic Literature Review
Brigid Daniel, Julie Taylor and Jane Scott

Abstract
This paper summarizes key findings from a systematic literature review that sought to identify existing evidence about the ways in which the needs of neglected children and their parents are signaled and the response to those needs. Using systematic review guidelines l4 databases were searched for primary research studies published in English from 1995-2005. An initial 20,480 items were systematically filtered down to 63 papers for inclusion. The evidence suggests that there is considerable evidence about how needs are indirectly signalled, less on how they are directly signalled. There is evidence that health professionals can identify those signals, but very little evidence relating to educational professionals. We conclude that, as well as improving response to indirect signals it is also important to improve the evidence base about what makes services ‘hard to access’ for many parents and children.

134
Maltreated Children Who Are Adjudicated Delinquent: An At-Risk Profile
Christopher A. Mallett

Abstract
IChildren who are victims of maltreatment are at greater risk for later delinquency. While this connection is complicated, between 40 and 60 percent of all adjudicated delinquent youth have a maltreatment history. This paper examines this link and presents a delinquency profile for a population of victimized children in one Midwest county in the United States. This study utilized one population of rnaltreated youth (N = 9,942), comparing one group who were adjudicated delinquent (n = 2,090] and the second group who were not (n = 7,852]. Bivariate tests identified the following risk factors that were significantly related to later youth delinquency adjudication: a child having first contact with the children’s services agency after age eight; a child having more than one
maltreatment referral or more than one maltreatment type; being a victim of physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect; having a maltreatment perpetrator who was the child's biological mother; being placed out of the home by children's services; and being adopted. Child welfare research, practice, and policy implications are set forth.

145
Characterizing the Status and Progress of a Country’s Child Welfare Reform
Christina I. Groark, Robert B. McCall and Junlei Li

Abstract
Numerous countries are attempting to reform their child welfare system, especially as it pertains to state care for children without permanent parents. This paper explores using internationally collected indicators to characterize the status and progress a country might make toward reforming their child welfare system. However, it is concluded that such indicators alone are difficult to interpret and provide only very limited information and need to be supplemented with substantial qualitative information obtained in country. Consequently, a generic interview was created to be used with policy makers and relevant professionals to obtain such information, and the interview was field tested in Ukraine. Results of the interview are presented as examples of the kind of information that can be obtained by this process and illustrate many of the issues countries engaged in child welfare reform are likely to face.